![volumetrix thermal expansion ideal gas volumetrix thermal expansion ideal gas](https://sciemce.com/files/4/bd8202faad75d527.png)
An interesting "cooling-by-heating" effect occurs when a glass-forming liquid is heated from the outside, resulting in a temperature drop deep inside the liquid. These discontinuities allow detection of the glass transition temperature where a supercooled liquid transforms to a glass. At the glass transition temperature, rearrangements that occur in an amorphous material lead to characteristic discontinuities of coefficient of thermal expansion and specific heat. The thermal expansion of glasses is slightly higher compared to that of crystals. In general, liquids expand slightly more than solids.
![volumetrix thermal expansion ideal gas volumetrix thermal expansion ideal gas](https://d2vlcm61l7u1fs.cloudfront.net/media%2F492%2F492e59d3-c0b5-41fc-af9d-efd89125c696%2FphpLNrPly.png)
Thermal expansion generally decreases with increasing bond energy, which also has an effect on the melting point of solids, so, high melting point materials are more likely to have lower thermal expansion. Unlike gases or liquids, solid materials tend to keep their shape when undergoing thermal expansion. Also, fairly pure silicon has a negative coefficient of thermal expansion for temperatures between about 18 and 120 kelvin. For example, the coefficient of thermal expansion of water drops to zero as it is cooled to 3.983 ☌ and then becomes negative below this temperature this means that water has a maximum density at this temperature, and this leads to bodies of water maintaining this temperature at their lower depths during extended periods of sub-zero weather. If an equation of state is available, it can be used to predict the values of the thermal expansion at all the required temperatures and pressures, along with many other state functions.Ĭontraction effects (negative thermal expansion)Ī number of materials contract on heating within certain temperature ranges this is usually called negative thermal expansion, rather than "thermal contraction". 7 Thermal expansion coefficients for various materials.5.1 Apparent and absolute expansion of a liquid.2.1 General thermal expansion coefficient.1.3 Factors affecting thermal expansion.1.2 Contraction effects (negative thermal expansion).